Cherokee Nation v. Georgia The Case and Its Impact

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831) asked the Supreme Court to determine whether a state may impose its laws on Native Americans and their territory. In the late 1820s, the Georgia legislature passed laws designed to force the Cherokee people off their historic land. The Supreme Court refused to rule on whether the Georgia state laws were applicable to the Cherokee people. Instead, the Court ruled that it did not have jurisdiction over the case because the Cherokee Nation, was a â€Å"domestic dependent nation† instead of a â€Å"foreign state. Fast Facts: Cherokee Nation v. Georgia Case Argued: 1831Decision Issued: March 5, 1831Petitioner: The Cherokee NationRespondent: The state of GeorgiaKey Questions: Does the Supreme Court have jurisdiction to grant an injunction against Georgia laws that would harm the Cherokee people under Article III of the U.S. Constitution, which gives the Court jurisdiction over cases between a State or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens, or subjects? Do the Cherokee people constitute a foreign state?Majority Decision: Justices Marshall, Johnson, BaldwinDissenting: Justices Thompson, StoryRuling: The Supreme Court ruled that it did not have jurisdiction to hear the case because the Cherokee Nation is not a foreign State but rather a domestic foreign state, as defined by Article III of the Constitution. Facts of the Case In 1802, the U.S. federal government promised Cherokee lands to Georgian settlers. The Cherokee people had historically occupied the lands in Georgia and been promised ownership through a series of treaties, including the Treaty of Holston in 1791. Between 1802 and 1828, land-hungry settlers and politicians attempted to negotiate with the Cherokee people in order to claim the land for themselves. In 1828, tired of resistance and emboldened by the election of Andrew Jackson (a president in favor of removal of the Native Americans), members of the Georgia state legislature passed a series of laws meant to strip the Cherokee people of their rights to the land. In defense of the Cherokee people, Chief John Ross and attorney William Wirt asked the court to grant an injunction to prevent the laws from going into effect. Constitutional Issues Does the Supreme Court have jurisdiction? Should the Court grant an injunction against laws that would harm the Cherokee people? The Arguments William Wirt focused on establishing the court’s jurisdiction. He explained that Congress recognized the Cherokee Nation as a state in the commerce clause of the third article of the U.S. Constitution, which gives Congress the power to â€Å"regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian tribes. Wirt argued that the Court had jurisdiction over the case because the government had previously recognized the Cherokee Nation as a foreign state in treaties. Attorneys on behalf of Georgia argued that the state had a right to the land based on its 1802 agreement with the federal government. Additionally, the Cherokee Nation could not be considered a state because it was not a sovereign nation with a constitution and a distinct governing system. Majority Opinion Article III of the U.S. Constitution gives the Court jurisdiction over cases between a State or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens, or subjects. Before making a ruling on the merit of the case, the Court needed to establish jurisdiction. In the majority opinion, it answered three questions to address this issue. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Is the Cherokee nation considered a state? The Court found that the Cherokee Nation was a state in the sense that it was a â€Å"political society, separated from others, capable of managing its own affairs and governing itself.† Treaties and laws governing the relationship between the U.S. and the Cherokee Nation supported this conclusion. However, the Court ruled that it was not a state in the same way that Georgia was because it was not part of the Union. 2. Is the Cherokee Nation a foreign state? According to the majority opinion, the Cherokee Nations complex relationship with the U.S. meant it did not legally qualify as a foreign state. Justice Marshall wrote in the majority opinion: â€Å"They look to our government for protection; rely upon its kindness and its power; appeal to it for relief to their wants; and address the President as their Great Father. They and their country are considered by foreign nations, as well as by ourselves, as being so completely under the sovereignty and dominion of the United States that any attempt to acquire their lands, or to form a political connexion with them, would be considered by all as an invasion of our territory and an act of hostility.† The Court needed to establish that the Cherokee Nation was either a U.S. state or foreign state to have jurisdiction over the case. Instead, the Court ruled that the Cherokee Nation was a domestic, dependent nation. This term meant that the Court did not have jurisdiction and could not evaluate the Cherokee Nations case. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Regardless of jurisdiction, should the Supreme Court grant an injunction? No. The Supreme Court ruled that even if it did have jurisdiction, it still should not grant an injunction. According to the majority opinion, the Court would overstep its judicial authority if it prevented the Georgia legislature from enacting its laws. Justice Marshall wrote: â€Å"The bill requires us to control the Legislature of Georgia, and to restrain the exertion of its physical force.  It savours too much of the exercise of political power to be within the proper province of the judicial department.† Dissenting Opinion Justice Smith Thompson dissented, arguing that the Supreme Court did have jurisdiction over the case. The Cherokee Nation should be considered a foreign state, according to Justice Thompson, because the government had always dealt with the Cherokee Nation as a foreign state when entering into treaties. Justice Thompson did not agree with the Court’s interpretation of the commerce clause as excluding the Native Americans from foreign statehood. He argued that the way the Cherokee Nation was treated by Congress when signing treaties was more relevant than analyzing word choice in the Constitution. Justice Thompson also wrote that the Supreme Court should grant an injunction. â€Å"The laws of the State of Georgia in this case go as fully to the total destruction of the complainants rights†¦,† Justice Thompson wrote, making judicial remedy the best option. Justice Joseph Story joined him in the dissent. The Impact The Supreme Court’s refusal to acknowledge jurisdiction in Cherokee Nation v. Georgia meant that the Cherokee Nation did not have legal recourse against Georgia laws that sought to force them off their land. The Cherokee Nation did not give up and attempted to sue again in Worcester v. Georgia (1832). This time, the Court found in favor of the Cherokee people. According to the Supreme Court in Worcester v. Georgia, the Cherokee nation was a foreign state and could not be subject to Georgia laws. President Andrew Jackson, who had pushed Congress to approve the Indian Removal Act in 1830, ignored the ruling and sent in the National Guard. The Cherokee people were forced to move from their lands to a designated area west of the Mississippi on a brutal journey that would later become known as the Trail of Tears. It is unknown exactly how many Cherokees died on the trail, but estimates place the number at between three and four thousand. Sources â€Å"A Brief History of the Trail of Tears.†Ã‚  Cherokee Nation, www.cherokee.org/About-The-Nation/History/Trail-of-Tears/A-Brief-History-of-the-Trail-of-Tears.Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 30 U.S. 1 (1831).Cherokee Nation v. Georgia 1831.  Supreme Court Drama: Cases That Changed America. Encyclopedia.com.  22 Aug. 2018. https://www.encyclopedia.com/law/legal-and-political-magazines/cherokee-nation-v-georgia-1831.â€Å"Indian Treaties and the Removal Act of 1830.†Ã‚  U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of State, history.state.gov/milestones/1830-1860/indian-treaties.

Favorite Scenes from the Color Purple - 1074 Words

What would it be like to live in a world where you don’t have any say in what goes on in your own life? While The Color Purple doesn’t ask think question directly it really causes its viewers to begin to wonder what it would have been like to live in the world that Alice Walker creates with her novel. In this story the main character is Celie. She is a black woman who never has had a choice in her life. From a young age her father abused her and then sent her off to marry a man who he did not know at all. Her father also got her pregnant two times and both times her forced her to give away her children. Mister was just as abusive as her father had been to her and she was still never given a choice. This begins to change as she meets people†¦show more content†¦After watching this many people wonder why she didn’t just politely say no. But this was just not in Sofia’s nature. The woman who had offered her a job wasn’t really offering a job. This is also why I think that hell no was a very appropriate response. The only part of the response to me that wasn’t smart was the punching because it was that in the end that caused her to have to be separated from her children. I think that this novel also tries to teach people to be able to control their anger no matter what because when you let it get the best of you r whole life can be affected because of it. Being able to keep your cool in certain situations is something that would be very tough when faced with many of the situations that appear in this story because they address issues that go so deep. This is my favorite scene because it shows the strength of Sofia. The best scene in The Color Purple is when Celie stands up for herself and leaves Mister. At the first holiday dinner that Sofia is able to come back for after working for Miss Millie Celie decides to break the news. She is going to go to Memphis with Shug. 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Insight Into Liberal Arts Education in Business Schools Essay Example For Students

Insight Into Liberal Arts Education in Business Schools Essay Liberal arts is best defined as an the collegiate education comprising of knowledge in the fields of arts, natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities (Hall, 1968). Numerous scholars and researchers have reviewed the effects this education has on the outcome of business students majoring in all fields of study trot accounting, economics, marketing, to management and have Dunn a surprisingly common rationale: liberal arts has a positive inapt on the education of business students in all fields. The debate lies, however, in the implementation of the liberal art education as it relates to the fields of business. There have been studies that suggest that the best form of implementation is to integrate liberal arts education directly into the course material while other scholars and researchers have argued that a more separated approach should be taken in order to achieve the most beneficial result. Despite the amount of research conducted, however, there is seemingly no end to the flow of research conducted. This literature review will examine the historical background with regards to the topic to hopefully shed light into the debate. As the historical view Of the debate wows, a great deal of change has occurred in the last 75 years as to the focus of education in business schools across the nation. Whether it be the inflow Of Gigs from World War II or the literary influences of New York Times Bestselling books, education and the implementation and removal of the liberal arts structure has undergone significant changes. This literary review will also look into the debate of whether to bridge practical and liberal arts courses or to replace the courses all together with courses designed to teach both ideas mutually. Another debate will be discussed guarding the amount to which theories, whether managerial, behavioral, or organizational theories should be or need to be discussed in light of the liberal arts integration. We Will examine the current trends Of liberal arts integration into the field of business taught in higher education as well as point out predictions as to how the future looks for the research Of liberal arts integration. Finally, we will conclude by summarizing the findings of this literature review and point out areas for further research as well as shed light on the solutions for conducting research in the future. A Historical View A historical view of the debate between a liberal arts view and a practicality based education points out an uprising in the argument during the asses as Gigs were found to be flooding college classrooms in an attempt to fulfill their GIG Bill (Performable, 1993). Gigs were not interested in a theoretical based view of business education, as they were more interested in landing entry-level jobs were practicality was the focus, This push of colleges to adopt the practicality based education model led the Ford Foundation to conduct a study looking into the effectiveness of this change (Clansman, Saddle, Heckler, 1998). In the asses, the Ford Foundation, after much research and deliberation, concluded that a return to a greater liberal arts focus was needed (1998). Although the research concluded that the education programs in the field of business needed a greater focus on the liberal arts, professors, institutions, and students alike tended to be comfortable with the practical education that had slowly been adopted. While there was a strong correlation bet,even the benefited success of students and a strong liberal arts education, colleges were being flooded With students and professors were settling into the comfort Of an easier curriculum (Jones, 1986). The thoughts and writings of scholars and theorists on the future, such as Midriffs writing (1987) discussing the corporate environment and rethinking the focus and direction of the environment of the times or Insanitys book (1982) discussing individualisms effects on the future of global development, changed the perspective of educators worldwide. After these writings, the educational field began to see a need to review the effectiveness of their liberal arts programs. This was coupled with an increasing concern into the communication ND critical thinking skills of business graduates (Porter Mimicking, 1988). This resurgence, since the release tot the Ford Foundation in the sasss study, in into the topic of liberal arts was on the rise, In 1989, Stark and Loather released a study on the liberal arts in the field of business and showed that there was a high level of graduates who were not able to comprehend information on a critical level, make ethical decisions when facing an issue, or relate to others both on a cultural and emotional level. Pacing grooving concern over the outcome of business students in higher education, universities began to once again view the Iberia arts as a benefit in their programs. As the realization of the benefits of a liberal arts focused education grew, consequently so did the debate as to how the merging the two philosophies. The Great Debate Liberal arts education, with relation to the business field, has brought about much attention in the last thirty years. The scope Of the liberal arts field With relation to the business environment, while discussed in length for over a century, has just recently established itself as a larger debate than otherwise thought. The theory behind the liberal arts philosophy is the betterment of ones self wrought the ability to critically think and reason with logic so that there can be a greater connection into social participation (Cohen, 2009). The purpose of using this theory and applying it to the field of business education is to provide students with the ability to use the business knowledge they possess and conform it to the situations that they may face in the present (King and Baxter- Magnolia, 1991). Pinker (2009) states that the growth tot liberal arts mentality in a person helps to develop the intellectual scaffolding that holds them to deal with the challenges presented to them in everyday situations. The ultimate goal in joining the personal development concept with the role that person plays in a business role is that the business leader will be better equipped to participate in the cultural and intellectual arenas found the the practice of business (Bogart, 2010). The form that Wishful (2007) presents this idea is that the study of liberal arts is a mere process, and through that process an individual reaches past their present mental state and expands their understanding of society. While this thought and rationale is hard to question, and in fact is the goal for attainment wrought many educational models, the real debate lies in the methods that the liberal arts mindset is reached. Cohen (2009) states that the gap that lies between the self-betterment Of a student and the professional growth is where the true debate lies. Strasbourg (2010) states that the problem with this rationale is the focus on self-improvement during a period in time where the main struggle of a person lies in positioning themselves in the economic times we face. Whether professional or self. Betterment skills should be taught in a vocation such as business is where the crux of the argument lies. In Stevens article entitled Management as a Liberal Art (1991), the author discusses the growing trend of businesses taking a greater interest in liberal arts students. Wall Street during the sasss is used as an point in the argument to make the point that liberal arts students are being hired due to their ability to reason, rationalize, and critically think to a higher level than students who were trained under the roof of practical education, Stevens, however, goes on to state that institutions are focused on the wrong goal; rather than focusing on whether an institution of higher learning should adopt a liberal arts program or a rationality based education, the focus should be on how to integrate these two philosophies into one cohesive unit of learning The theory of liberal arts does not just promise to provide self-betterment, but to also provide the skills necessary to analytically think and reason. In Pinkness article (2009), he states that the liberal arts enable students to rationally questions the validity of what they are hearing and determine the truth behinds remarks. The ability to analyze and critically think remains to be the greates t support for the liberal arts argument. Kelly, Dave, and High (1999) state in heir research that the ability of one to alter their position on a certain view or belief lies in that persons ability to critically reason and analyze the alternative in comparison of previously held belief. Where the argument hits a intellectual speed bump is in the ability for students and professors to grasp the importance of the liberal arts education in light of the age in which we exist. Strasbourg (2010) states that the assumption that the liberal arts education enables students to suddenly analyze and critically think is given to much credit. In Willows study (2004) of generational groups and heir abilities to learn and process information, Wilson finds that this generation is strongly tied with the status quo and that breaking someone from the norm takes a greater force than in previous generations. I Am the Best Student Athlete EssaySuggestions into a integrative business curriculum came in the beginning Of the asses with Blooms proposed model for the undergraduate business curriculum (1992). Bloom proposed business curriculum suggests that students be exposed to individualism, political involvement and theory, economic theory and how it relates to sociology, the influence of technology in the business sector, and international involvement of business (1992). At the end of the students educational venture through a higher education institution, Bloom suggests that there be a thesis in which the senior takes all the culmination of knowledge and applies this to a specific topic. While this model seems to completely integrate the liberal arts background with the business application, much criticism come as to the lack tot history courses and the failure to include other basic management courses. The current trend of liberal arts in business programs Research conducted in the last 10 years in the area of liberal arts education has been on the rise. A primary focus of research has been conducted not only on the teaching of liberal arts theories in the business courses, but also the effect that the educators experience has on the learning of the students. While past research has made the somewhat obvious connection between the teaching styles of educators and the information gained from students, recent studies have taken this research to the next level by looking into the qualification Of educators. A study done by Catcall, Bradbury, Famish, and Simpler in 2004 found that there was a significant decline in the number Of liberal arts minded referrers teaching business courses. Their study found that only of the faculty in higher institutions were from an academic background (2004). Researchers such as Catcall, Bradbury, Famish, and Simpler find that academic professors bring a higher concentration of liberal arts theories and foundations into their coursework whereas professional-based professors bring a higher concentration of experience and hands-on knowledge. With the higher concentration of practical knowledge based professors in the courses today, there is a slight decline tot integration of the liberal arts. Nine (2011) concludes hat this decline in the number of academically experienced professors is due in part to the current weak financial situation that many colleges are taking. Due to the higher cost associated with academically-experienced professors and the balance of less-qualified, experienced based professors, institutions of higher learning are beginning to make the switch (2011), Miles, Hazarding, and Manila reported that in the 2003 edits to the accreditation standards, The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business lowered their standards regarding the required percentage of academically qualified faculty to professionally qualified faculty. Nine (2011) attempts to explain this by stating that organizations and businesses had a higher focus on the number of students coming out of higher learning institutions rather than the quality faculty, the knowledge base of the graduates, or the applicable skills they possessed. Another contingency that current research has looked at to explain the trend of higher learning institutions is the effect Of the economic environment. In such a tough economy as the one we face today, students are looking for more affordable forms Of education including that Of online education. Institutions are offering these programs as a source of savings on both the student and institutional standpoint, leaving a smaller amount to be spent on the funding of faculty to teach these programs (Nine, 2011). Slaughter and Rhodes (2004) point out that there is a strong effect on the capitalistic forces that effect education programs today. Research done by Elian et al. In 2002 discusses the strong effect that online programs have on the moment to incorporate a liberal arts mentality, Through changes made in the standards of the CABS, a completely efferent make up tot skills is being presented by students completing online education. The lack of academic faculty and the emergence of a professional faculty makeup in conjunction with a self-taught philosophy of online course work has created a great deficiency in the application of liberal arts (2011). Conclusion The purpose of business education is to train individuals to deal with the environmental factors that the business environment presents. While there has been a great deal of research done in the last half-century that points to the effectiveness of a liberal arts deduction and a the effectiveness of a practicality eased education being taught in curriculums throughout business schools, there is a lot more research to be done in this field (Curran, 2007). Curran (2007) points out that the effects Of the teachings in business schools are just now being realized due to the current succession of management. With this analysis, it proves that there is a great deal of research left to do with relation to the liberal arts teaching in a school of business. By researching and looking at the trends of business education over the last century, researchers are able to comprehend the effects that curriculum changes an have on the decisions business graduates in the organizations they help run. While the original intent of a business education was to provide professional training to enable students to effectively run businesses, history and research has proven that academic institutions are willing adapt to economic markets and alter their curriculum to meet these market demands. There has been significant research done with regards to the effectiveness of liberal arts education in the field of business as well as the need for a practicality based education and the merging of these two ideas. There hasnt, however, been adequate suggestions on how to properly go about merging the liberal arts and the practicality of the business environment effectively While there has been the suggestions offered up by Boyd (1987), there has not been any research looking at the effectiveness of certain programs and types of integration to further close the debate. Future research should also look into the qualifications and skills sets that employers are looking for when fulfilling jobs. In conjunction to this research, the studies should also look into the skill sets that current students are graduating tit in order to compare and find out what areas of a business education are lacking. Only then can we assess the needs Of organizations and the educational system requirements to fulfill those needs through a proper mix of practical based and liberal arts based education. Another weakness of the research conducted was the lack of research to find outside or other internal influences that could be affecting the education of graduates other than the curriculum. Research addressing the social influence that students face with regards to obtaining a liberal arts mindset would be extremely beneficial, Questions such as: What social or socio-economic influences are students exposed to that affect their ability to process information and learning under a liberal arts mentality? The problems with the research already conducted suggesting a single core curriculum that merges the liberal arts philosophies with the practicality based education is the lack of universities to adopt such curriculums. Research conducted by Stark and Loather in 1989 revealed that while there was agreement as to the necessity for an integrated curriculum, little to no higher learning institutions were actually adopting such trainees, Yet another area of suggested research is to look into the connection between expectations of students with the education received under an integrated liberal arts program, a strict liberal arts program, and a strict practicality based program. These three categories of graduates should be tested shortly after graduation, in the middle of their careers, and toward the end of their careers. Due to the fact that education is primarily composed off series Of expectations, this study would be completely useful as to the insight Of students expectations of their education prior to the coursework in comparison With how they felt their coursework adequately prepared them for eh business environment during different stages in their careers (Bogart, 2010, peg. 413). In summary, while extensive research has been conducted on the topic of liberal arts education in the realm of the business concentration, little change has been made to the implementation of such curriculums. For this reason, research has continued to focus on solutions to this problem without much avail. Longstanding the barriers that a liberal arts supporters face may help to provide a more effective way to actual implementation, While there is strong position to the liberal arts role in business, better research done to look into the proper implementation of liberal arts into business school may help to decrease this tension. With a greater number tot studies showing this trend, the literature landscape on this topic is bound to drastically change over the short course of history. References Belt, M. (1965). Education as a discipline; a study of the role of models in thinking, Boston: Allan and Bacon, Boyd, Charles, (1987).

Maggie Tulliver Divided Needs Represented In Diverse Relations Essays

Maggie Tulliver: Divided Needs Represented in Diverse Relations It is said that George Eliot's style of writing deals with much realism. Eliot, herself meant by a "realist" to be "an artist who values the truth of observation above the imaginative fancies of writers of "romance" or fashionable melodramatic fiction." (Ashton 19) This technique is artfully utilized in her writings in a way which human character and relationships are dissected and analyzed. In the novel The Mill on the Floss, Eliot uses the relationships of the protagonist of the story, Miss Maggie Tulliver, as a medium in which to convey various aspects of human social associations. It seems that as a result of Maggie's nature and of circumstances presented around her, that she is never able to have a connection with one person that satisfies her multifaceted needs and desires. Maggie is able, to some extent, to explore the various and occasionally conflicting aspects of her person with her relationships between other characters presented in the novel. "From an early age, Maggie ne eds approval from men...Maggie is not shown in any deep relationship with a female friend." (Ashton 83) A reader can explore into Maggie Tulliver's person and her short development as a woman in four primary male associations: her father?Mr. Tulliver, her brother?Tom Tulliver, her friend and mentor?Philip Wakem and her dangerous passion with Steven Guest. Maggie unconditionally loves her father although he has been the unconscious root of many of her misfortunes. "Tom's and Maggie's young lives are blighted by the gloom, poverty, disgrace and death of their father...Maggie is obliged by her father's failure to leave school...It is the misfortune of a clever girl denied any activity other than domestic." (Ashton 50) In the time period of the setting of the novel, women were regarded as male property, to take care of household matters and without skill, originality and intelligence of a man. Mr. Tulliver cared deeply for his daughter's future but inadvertently oppressed Maggie through his views of women. This idea is represented in his dialog with Mr. Riley of Maggie's "unnatural" intelligence: "It's a pity but what she'd been then lad?she'd ha'been a match for the lawyers, she would. It's the wonderful'st thing." (Eliot 68) Mr. Tulliver by nature was stubborn, opinionated and led his family to disgrace as a result. However, there is a close bond between him and Maggie for which he had always protected her and favored her over Tom, as much as would permit in that age. Maggie always felt a responsibility to please her father and to never cause him any grievances. She was loyal to him at times that he seemed to not return her affection "How she wished that [her father] would stoke her head, or give her some sign that he was soothed by the sense that he had a daughter who loved him!" (Eliot 371) When her father was in the lowest point of self-ruin and was under the scrutiny of the family, Maggie took upon the position of the protector and loyally defended her protector. "Her father had always defended and excused her, and her loving remembrance of his tenderness was a force within her that would enable her to do or bear anything for his sake." (Eliot 284) Maggie's brother, Tom, is the person of whom she was the most fond of. She turned the cheek on some of his unkind actions toward her in the realization of a strong, unbreakable bond. This excerpt from "Brother and Sister" (Ashton 90) portrays the type of relationship Maggie and Tom Tulliver have. He was the elder and a little man Of forty inches, bound to show no dread, And I the girl that puppy-like now ran, Now lagged behind my brother's larger tread. "Every episode in the early chapters show Maggie's high hopes of pleasure being dashed by disagreements with Tom." (Ashton 75) "Tom indeed was of opinion that Maggie was a silly little thing: all girls were silly...still he was very fond of his sister and always meant to take care of her." (Eliot 92) Even with this mutual love, Tom is extremely harsh of Maggie, whose only concern is to please him and maintain closeness with him throughout their lives. In many instances, Tom

What Savs Cal in East of Eden

What Savs Cal in East of Eden Faith 1Faith M. DennyMr. FineranAP Lit24 September 2014The movie East of Eden has many allusions throughout it. A main one is how Cal and Aron show similarities with Cain and Abel (two brothers in The Bible). In the biblical version, Cain murders his brother, then is cast away from his family. When cast away, he is doomed to live east of Eden. Although there had been many similarities up to then, when Cal (basically) murders Aaron, he is not cast out. Instead, Cal is saved.Throughout Cal's entire life, he feels that he is 'bad'. He constantly uses this term to describe his life and how he is feeling. At one point, Cal says, "Every person only has a certain amount of good in them and a certain amount of bad." He feels that evil mostly influences him and that causes him to act the way he does.15th century depiction of Cain and Abel, Speculum ...His thoughts are reaffirmed when he discovers that his mother is a heavy drug dealer and basically the runner of a local trap house. His realiz ation of where he comes from leads to more destructive habits.As his destructive habits build, he tries to repress them and earn his father's love, but he goes about it in the wrong way. Cal borrows money from his mother, invests it, and earns enough to give his father what he lost in the ice business. His father does not see this act as thoughtful as Cal intended it to be. Instead of being excited, his father is disgusted and instructs him to return the money. This causes Cal to drift even further away from his father.While Cal is drifting away from his father, he becomes closer to Abru. A main reason that Cal chooses to stay and is not...

Names of Family Members in Spanish

Names of Family Members in Spanish Who are the members of your family, how many are there, and what do they do? These are among the first questions you may be asked when you meet and first become acquainted with a native Spanish speaker. Depending on your age, you may be asked about your parents and what they do for a living, or you may be asked if you are married or have any children. Learn the words on this page as well as a few words to describe your family members, then bring a photo along, and even if youre a beginner and know only simple grammar, you can engage in conversation. Gender and Family Members Keep in mind that masculine plurals in Spanish can refer to mixed groups of males and females. Thus cuatro hijos can mean either four sons or four children, depending on the context. And while it may sound strange to the ear attuned to English, padres is a grammatically correct way to refer to both a mother and father, even though padre alone refers to a father. Also, note that the word pariente means relative in general; the Spanish-English cognate  doesnt refer only to parents. Vocabulary of the Family Following are the names for the most common relatives and some of the uncommon ones: padre: fathermadre: motherhermano: brotherhermana: sistersuegro: father-in-lawsuegra: mother-in-lawcuà ±ado: brother-in-lawcuà ±ada: sister-in-lawesposo, marido: husbandesposa, mujer: wifeabuelo: grandfatherabuela: grandmotherbisabuelo: great-grandfatherbisabuela: great-grandmothertatarabuelo: great-great-grandfathertatarabuela: great-great-grandmotherhijo: sonhija: daughternieto: grandsonnieta: granddaughterbisnieto: great-grandsonbisnieta: great-granddaughtertataranieto: great-great-grandsontataranieta: great-great-granddaughtertà ­o: uncletà ­a: aunttà ­o abuelo: great-uncletà ­a abuela: great-auntprimo: cousin (male)prima: cousin (female)primo carnal, prima carnal, primo hermano, prima hermana: first cousinprimo segundo, prima segunda: second cousinsobrino: nephewsobrina: niecepadrastro: stepfathermadrastra: stepmotherhijastro: stepsonhijastra: stepdaughterhermanastro: stepbrotherhermanastra: stepsistermedio hermano, hermano de padre, hermano de madre: half brothermedia her mana, hermana de padre, hermana de madre: half sister concuà ±ado: husband of ones spouses sisterconcuà ±ada: wife of ones spouses brotherconsuegro: father-in-law of ones son or daughterconsuegra: mother-in-law of ones son or daughterprometido, novio: fiance, boyfriend, groomprometida, novia: fiancà ©e, girlfriend, bridecompaà ±ero: male partner in a couple relationshipcompaà ±era: female partner in a couple relationshippadrino: godfathermadrina: godmotherahijado: godsonahijada: goddaughteramigo: friend (male)amiga: friend (female)conocido: acquaintance (male)conocida: acquaintance (female) Miscellaneous Family Terms La familia polà ­tica  or los polà ­ticos may be used as the equivalent of the in-laws. In other words, the terms refer to people to whom one is related by marriage. (In a different context, polà ­ticos can also refer to politicians.) The term amigovio or amigovia can be used colloquially in some areas to a person with whom a person has a romantic or sexual relationship that hasnt necessarily been formalized, such as a friend with benefits or a live-in lover where there isnt necessarily an expectation of marriage. This is a word of fairly recent origin, so its meaning isnt uniform in all areas. Note that while marido refers to a husband, there is no corresponding feminine form, marida, in standard use. Sample Sentences Referring to Family Members Here are some simple sample sentences you can use as models for your own: Mi padre es carpintero. (My father is a carpenter.)Mi tà ­a es dentista.(My aunt is a dentist.)Mi madre es ama de casa. (My mother is a housewife.)Tengo dos hermanos y una hermana. (I have two brothers and a sister.)Tengo cuatro hermanos. (This sentence can be seen as ambiguous by English speakers. It can be correctly translated as either I have four brothers or I have four siblings.)Tengo nueve tà ­os. (I have nine aunts and uncles or I have nine uncles.:)Mi madrastra vive en el estado de Nueva York. (My stepmother lives in New York state.)Mis sobrinas viven en Chicago. (My nieces live in Chicago.)Mi padre est muerto. (My father is dead.)Mi prima est muerta. (My female cousin is dead.)Mi madre est viva. (My mother is alive.)Otto y Edith Frank fueron los padres de Ana Frank. (Otto and Edith  Frank were the parents of Anne Frank.)Los primos no pueden casarse segà ºn nuestra cultura. (Cousins cannot marry accoridng to our culture.)Los suegras siempre tienen mala reputacià ³n. (Mo thers-in-law always have a bad reputation.)

Fashion and its importance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Fashion and its importance - Essay Example The essay "Fashion and its importance" explores what is fashion and analyzes its importance. Fashion designers’ lives revolve around fashion, they start outfit trends and people follow them based on their taste. People may use fashion for many different reasons, some might use it for self-expression; the way they dress and appear might seem extreme and that might be what they personally feel about life. Also, other people might use fashion to communicate and present their status. Apart from personal usage, the economy uses fashion to grow. Some might think that the fashion industry is not important and does not need to be taken serious or be interested in. They might see it in a negative way that can be offensive to the fashion icons. Fashion is an important aspect in the day-to-day life in society because it defines a person’s personality; it is used as a way of communication and benefits the economy.Fashion does define a person’s personality in the way an indiv idual dresses. The phrase ‘you are what you wear’ that was made famous by fashionistas has been proven to be correct. says that a person’s fashion personality defines who they are, and it is shown in the way they dress. People will always classify others according to the clothes that they wear. One can be said to be classy, elegant, decent or indecent depending on how they dress. Most of the people do not pay attention to others outfits, while some who are interested in fashion tend to complement their outfits. These could be simple things. like color clashing, accessorizing and making sure that clothes are a perfect fit and not a size bigger. Fashion also helps in the identification of a person’s career, attitude towards certain things and personality (Ingram, 2000). This is more obvious in careers like police service, nursing, doctors and pilots among others that require their professionals to have a specified form of dressing/uniform that can be used to identify them easily. Fashion is a major tool used to express ones personality. This is evident in most communities in Africa and the various religions of the world. The Maasai of Kenya have a distinct way of dressing, which shows that they value their tradition that has stood the test of time for centuries. This community in Kenya is famous for its red shukas that have even been imitated by some designers in the west for their uniqueness, (Werlin, 2011). The Gothic community is yet another example of fashion been used to express attitude, and to show personality. These people often prefer to wear dark colors mostly black with black make up, and accessories. Fashion does not only represent personality but also defines people’s status in the society. Important people in the society, have defining dress codes that distinguish them for the general public (Ingram, 2011). The Royal family of the United Kingdom has expensive, elegant clothing that are custom made and not many can afford. Status of a person is shown in the way they are dressed, not only the status but also a person’s inner expression. Fashion has been used as a form of self-expression in many occasions. Valens (2013) says that â€Å"colors have meanings and we often express the same feeling as the colors that we wear on our clothes†. Fashion used in dull occasions is utilized in such a way that the mood of the people in that occasion is brought out in the fashion used during the occasion. In sad occasions, dull colors are

Managing Credit Cards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managing Credit Cards - Essay Example However, there are a few things that go un-noticed. Credit cards come with a premium. Prompt repayments will help avoid undue tension and misunderstandings. Experts believe that the majority of U.S. citizens have at least one credit card, if not two. Credit cards are an important source of identification as well; a credit card is mandatory for renting a car. Used wisely, a credit card provides a cushion on purchases by a long way before charges are levied. But yes, there are a few things to be kept in mind before one considers making a purchase, and there are ways to control the way one uses his/her credit card to avoid heavy debts. The purpose of this study is to find ways to protect students from falling into greater debts by following certain principals. This forms the focus of this paper. Many consumers find themselves in serious trouble over repayment. Only a few are able to take advantage of the benefits offered by credit cards, primarily because they follow the simple procedure of repaying their credit on or before time. Many fall back on the centuries old practice of carrying a balance for months, paying a part of the principal amount and an accrued interest. One thing that they fail to notice is that they could end up paying an all-time high of 23% at some point of time, a huge dent in one's pocket. Most credit card holders are so addicted to using the card that they end up being impulsive buyers. For the record, a survey in 1999 showed that American consumers were charged approximately $1.2 trillion on their general-purpose credit cards! (How Credit Cards Work, Howstuffworks. 2006) This has since gone up considerably. How does the credit card work When a customer uses his/her credit card at a merchant shop, the bank that issued the card, credits the account of the merchant on the sale slip(s) receipts. This amount is then billed to the card holder at the end of the billing period. The cardholder, in turn, pays the bank either the entire amount or in monthly installments with interest. When backlogs on installments occur, the interest increase and repayments become harder. This is one area that credit card users should strive to stay away from. Regular repayments will help stay away from trouble. Credit is an important economic force of great social magnitude. Cultural expectations with rewards for good payment records and sanctions for violating creditor expectations are all too familiar. Thus, promotion of consumer credit and punishment for nonconformity with creditor expectations emerges as a significant dialectical relationship (Klein, 1999). 3.0 Solution to the Problem Students find credit cards extremely user -friendly and handy. Most of their transaction in campus and elsewhere are performed by using a credit card. Students need to avoid unnecessary expenses, such as on clothes, entertainment and travel. Students wanting to get away for the weekend end up hiring automobiles to commute to places away from the campus and incur heavy bills. Students end up paying these bills through their credit cards. Always assess the comfort zone limit of credit that one can avail before embarking on a

Understanding Science through History Essay Example for Free

Understanding Science through History Essay The inquisitive of science and its blend in history is important in understanding the book â€Å"E=mc2: A biography of the World’s Most Famous Equation† written by David Bodanis. It is seen that in order to understand the empirical evidences of a technical concept, it is important to go back to the history of the concept and put this in the context of the events. Thus, it is seen that history plays an important part in understanding science. The book traces the historical events, the same as a biography would do, in order to understand the said formula. It proceeds from the time where this formula is created by Albert Einstein and proceeds to the important events in history which are related to the said formula. In gaining understanding, the author also mentions events such as the Second World War and mentions women such as Cecille Payne and Lise Meitner. Moreover, the author makes use of ordinary examples in order to relate to the birth of the formula. The author slowly made his way into defining the E, M, C, and 2 components of the formula through these examples. The connection of the present and the past is immediately established by the author as he mentions that â€Å"the world of 1905 seems distant to us now, but there were many similarities to life today† (Bodanis 4). It is with much realization that the author wishes to make a connection between what is present in today’s society with that of the past. Moreover, there is the establishment of the foundations of the present to be rested on the past. This is further emphasized by the author where he recognizes the importance of the past to the present. In the words of the author, â€Å"the year 1905 was also when Einstein wrote a series of papers that changed our view of the universe forever† (Bodanis 4). In bringing about this particular information, the author shows that there is always something in the past that led to what is in today. This is especially true for science where there are constant developments that are made in order to enhance the theories and the field of research. This book is definitely a must-read for those who are interested in understanding and gaining further knowledge of the formula. Despite the complexity of the concept, it becomes easier to read because of the relationship to more familiar concepts. Thus, the familiarity makes understanding a better experience in reading the life of a formula. Work Cited Bodanis, David. E=mc2: A Biography of the World’s Most Famous Equation. New York, NY: The Berkley Publishing Group.

Product Strategy Brief :: essays research papers

PRODUCT STRATEGY BRIEF COMPANY Overview Company’s mission is to revolutionize the way growing businesses communicate. We are a new class of Internet service providing intuitive business Internet management software, Web, and access solutions that require no MIS resources or up front capital expenditures. Everything you need to get your business live on the Internet in about an hour is provided via a monthly service that you never outgrow and is never obsolete. We achieve these objectives by 3 product strategy pillars: Internet Guardian Chief Internet Officer Internet Business Class Situation Review COMPANY realizes that small businesses face a dizzying array of Internet point products, technologies, and purchase options - yet they have no MIS staff to help them develop an Internet strategy or evaluate these options in the level of detail that is necessary. What is worse, is that the rate of technological innovation is increasing! So, many small businesses adopt technology later rather than sooner, and lose competitive advantage, employee productivity, and profits in the meantime. This â€Å"technology paralysis† is exhibited in many different areas - from PCs, to LANs, to operating systems, and to communication technologies like modems. As modems advanced from 300 - 1200 - 2400 - 9600 - 14.4 - 28.8KBS, new applications were possible to increase the productivity of users who in turn used the technology more than ever before - which in turn led to new applications and faster, more secure modem speeds. The recent PRODUCT announcements from COMPANY, COMPANY, COMPANY are the next step in this speed/application/speed progression series aforementioned. However, there are several problems that the media has failed to report on: The ITU has not developed a standard for this new speed class and is not expected to for 12 to 18 months. Each of the modems is incompatible with each other. Therefore, if the user has a different PRODUCT than the ISP, no communication will occur. Many local loop phone infrastructures will not support speed higher than 21KBS - so these modems will not provide any additional speed. Further, there is no way to know this until you get the modem and try it. Ramping up on the technical support side of the equation will take time - which means users are on their own until the ISPs sort this out. Lastly, the battle between the manufacturers addresses a deeper technology issue - namely - modem architecture. COMPANY wants to upgrade modems via PRODUCT while the other suppliers want to continue making PRODUCT sets that can do it all - but can not be upgraded without additional effort - if at all.

The Media and Today’s Youth

The Media and Today’s Youth Today, there is no escape from the flamboyant displays of sex and violence on television, in the movies, and in commercial advertising. When watching the morning news, the television floods with reports of sexual assault and murder. When waiting in line at the grocery store, it is impossible to ignore the headlines accusing wives of cheating and husbands of abuse. When driving on the highway, it is difficult to concentrate on the road with audacious billboards with half-naked women around every corner.Similarly, it seems that today’s children are becoming increasingly dependent of modern technology including cell phones, video games, and internet, making the sex and violence seen in the media more accessible than ever. So if a young girl is experimenting with sex before she has even reached puberty, or if a young boy brings a gun to elementary school, this behavior cannot be blamed on characteristics inherited at birth. Rather, it is the unav oidable truth that young people are corrupted by the constant exposure to the provocative media.Children were certainly not born with the aforementioned negative behaviors, therefore it must be a direct effect of the environment. So does this mean that people are born moral and molded into violent, promiscuous creatures? According to the ancient Chinese philosopher Mencius, humans are â€Å"inherently good† and in order to demonstrate the ability of outside forces to molest the natural good nature of humans, he compares the human heart to a barley seed.Though all seeds, like the human heart have the potential to grow just as strong and healthy as the rest, there is always the possibility that external obstacles will inhibit some from succeeding as much as others. Similarly, the philosopher Hsun Tzu explains that the environment that a person grows in will significantly affect the person he or she is soon to become. Although he contrasts the argument of Mencius in his beliefs that humans are born with evil tendencies and are only made good through training and education.Both philosophers, however, agree that training and mentoring is vital to shaping behavior. If a man is surrounded by evil, it is inevitable that he will develop evil characteristics. Therefore, the theories of both Mencius and Tzu contrast the current values of American popular culture. Constant exposure to pop media promoting uninhibited sex is leading to a total loss of conservative values, especially among young girls. Values such as monogamy, loyalty, modesty, and self-respect are crucial to maintaining a decent image of the American Woman.Fashion magazines directed toward young women are bursting with photo-shopped ads for perfume, jewelry, and clothing showing women with little clothing covering their hourglass frames. If kids are exposed to over 250,000 commercial advertisements by the age of 17, then it is impossible to deny that this influences their views on what types of behav ior is appropriate. Not only are young girls pressured to keep up with unrealistic body images but also with ridiculous norms of behavior for their age group, including drinking excessively, dressing provocatively, and acting recklessly.Watching a show every week like Jersey Shore which openly glorifies sex and drinking will undoubtedly begin to make young girls believe that such behavior is desirable. A typical episode of this popular show includes an entertaining portrayal of a small group of young Italian adults who are paid to act foolishly. On a typical day, the group of â€Å"guidos† spend time working out, tanning, drinking, and helping out at a beach-side t-shirt shop on the infamous Jersey Shore boardwalk. The end of the show highlights their evening routine including unhealthy amounts of alcohol, minimal clothing, and lots of sexual content.Girls who act inappropriately at a young age were clearly taught how to do so by the poor role models who are paid millions of dollars per year to corrupt American youth. To make matters worse, these ideas seem to be reinforced with displays of sexual innuendo everywhere young people look. The explosion of personal computers within the last 20 years has allowed children to have more access to adult content than ever before. The internet is flooded with websites streaming free pornography and all a child needs is a computer and Google search.While there are some ways that parents can censor what their children view online, most kids are knowledgeable enough about computers to get around any firewalls. Additionally, there is very few children today who do not own a smartphone; a personal device that opens the doors to unlimited searching without censorship. But who needs porn when there is sexting? Today’s young people seem to be increasingly more open to send each other sexually explicit text messages or pictures without true control over where they are sent.The idea of sexting would seem much more sc andalous, however, if they were not observing such behavior from their role models on TV, in magazines, or on the internet. Unfortunately, sex in the media is not the only problem. Violent video games are becoming increasingly more realistic and allow people to live vicariously through the animation, causing real-life violence to seem mundane. For example, the game Grand Theft Auto is wildly popular among the youth as it allows players to earn points through stealing cars, mugging pedestrians, assaulting prostitutes, and murdering strangers.This type of game is obviously entertaining, but should not be available for kids at the local videogame provider. To make matters worse, the quickly advancing technology allows for a more life-like picture than ever before. Therefore, the line drawn between fantasy and reality becomes blurry; a dangerous problem when it comes to violent crimes. Kids who are involved in gang violence and vicious crimes had to have learned this behavior from somew here.While it is a valid point that television and videogames cannot make a person do something they do not want to do, it is undeniable that the media is capable of putting the idea in that person’s head. While adults are able to put violent and sexual content inside of context, children are not mature enough to realize the difference between how people act on entertainment television versus real life. With adult content becoming available to increasingly younger age groups, it appears that there is no limit to how young children are able to access the world of sex and violence.Hsun Tzu reinforces this argument with his statement that â€Å"environment is everything† when it comes to the root of human nature and his belief that values are learned through practice. The corruption of today’s young people is a negative bi-product of the digital revolution and has created colossal problems for the youth of society. But it is your responsibility as the youth of Amer ica to take a step back and realize that we need to hold on tight to our morals and values if we want to preserve The American Dream.

Bcm/275

Choose two misunderstandings you experienced and fill out the chart for these. Respond to questions 1 and 2 shown under the chart for each example of a misunderstanding. In your response, include the following: Cite a meaningful misunderstanding rather than a general or less material misunderstanding. Use business- or work-related examples rather than personal ones. Identify the roles of the sender and receiver, such as manager, peer, subordinate, client, vendor, and so forth Who was the sender?Client Who was the receiver? Myself (Client Service Manager) What was the message? The client asked for two checks to be sent to the Custodian, one with a mistake (contributions did not add up) and one that was correct (all contributions matched). What channel was used to send the message? E-mail was the channel used. What was the misunderstanding that occurred? The client thought that by sending two checks it would fix the issue with check number one which had a negative amount for a contribu tion.I had told the client in order to resolve the issue with check number one she needed to void said check and re-issue another one. How could the misunderstanding been avoided? The misunderstanding could have been avoided had we spoke on the phone with the Custodian conference in as they are the ones who rejected check number one. 1. What did you learn about the communication process from this activity?From this activity I learned that the message can be misunderstood if the communication is not correct, meaning the way the message is conveyed (e-mail, phone call, fax, etc. ). 2. What seemed to be the main causes of this misunderstanding? It seemed as if the Client was confused when I told her she needed to void one check an re-issue another one. Perhaps if we spoke on the phone she would have understood this and not told me to send both checks in 3. What tips can you suggest for preventing misunderstandings in communication?

Goals in life Essays

Goals in life Essays Goals in life Essay Goals in life Essay It is the end of every person to adequately accomplish his/her ends in life. It is what motivates them to endeavor and seek for something worthwhile. Each one uses this as a theoretical account for acquiring motive and fulfilment in the things that they do. Amidst the reverses that are in topographic point. it is in here that they learn to appreciate what is of import in life ; difficult work and finding. Furthermore. our ability to exceed to other people and influence alteration can truly convey approximately capablenesss to be adaptative and vivacious. Give this impression. I wish to show my purpose to use for a grade in Communication. Dialogue and exchange remain to be one of the instruments that shape man’s interaction among other people. It serves as an of import determiner in casting and making persons who are both capable to accommodate and suppress the challenges of professional pattern. Given the complexnesss of today’s workplace. many pupils need to be officially trained to hold the sufficient and necessary accomplishments to get by in these altering times. By making this. I can be competent and vigorous in the things I do. : To supplement this. one must hold the indispensable experience and leading accomplishments so that this comparative aspect be honed and cultivated. For my portion. I believe that I have these necessary ideals to adequately turn to these challenges both in the educational environment and in the workplace. It is in here that I wish to indicate out my makings and traits that I believe can be critical towards my application in UC. At an early age. I was exposed into assorted enterprises that opened up my abilities and possible as a leader. Bing immersed in these activities other than my survey widened my skylines and opened new boundaries for me to research. From my experience in Hong Kong to my community work in Santa Monica College. all these paved the manner for such realisation. At the same clip. I was able to cultivate the service trait which I believe is an indispensable constituent of a good and equal leader. Looking at my experiences. I had mentioned that I was non simply involved in academic project. I excessively tried to develop my interpersonal accomplishments by recommending legion civic and extracurricular activities including athleticss. Back so. I was in the badminton school squad since I was in grade 7 ( rate 7 to rate 11 ) I represent my school to come in many badminton competitions and came out with a good consequences. Furthermore. I am proud to hold been portion of the Duke of Edinburg Awards ( The DofE ) and finished the Silver degree. The DofE is a programme of activities that can be undertaken by anyone aged from 14 to 25. regardless of personal ability. In the terminal. all these enterprises contributed to what I am right now ; competitory and vivacious. With your aid. I can actively prolong this energy and create chances for me to make and react actively to the demands of others. Motivate 2 I believe that finding and forbearance remains to be the specifying factor in the manner we do and manage things. It is in this visible radiation that we gain experience and penetrations that contribute to the manner we do our undertakings and duties. Give the different battles that we may meet in these state of affairss ; we must go on to stand up and utilize these events as a manner to ease a renewed attempt to widen our skylines and learn from the procedure. It is with this proverb that I come to battle every challenge that may come along the manner. Coming from the United States as an immigrant. I excessively experient troubles in seting to the norms and civilization. I had to get by up with the linguistic communication barrier and efficaciously pass oning with other people. However. this did non halt me from accomplishing what I wanted to be. Rather than giving up in the procedure. I developed my personal committedness to major in communicating to assist me bridge this spread and allow other immigrants feel the same manner. Though this undertaking is neer an easy one. I feel that my background and the manner I was brought up by my male parent can give me the strength to undertake any challenge that may come along the manner. Looking back. I am proud to state that my household raised me reasonably good and gave the right norms and values to manage the force per unit areas in the outside universe. They gave me the chance to showcase my endowment and accomplishments in different ways. Each one did non halter my growing but gave me the inspiration to concentrate on what I want. In add-on. they imparted in me the lessons of forbearance and doggedness in everything. Now. I began to understand and appreciate what they gave me. As I brought these proverbs to pattern. I became involved in legion activities outside the academic kingdom. It has ever been my belief that to accomplish an component of satisfaction and fulfilment. 1 must travel out of his/her comfort zone and function other people. With this. I began to tie in with persons in different degrees may it be in athleticss ( badminton ) or civic activities such as my engagement in Duke of Edinburg Awards. Not merely did these plans enhance my capablenesss and accomplishments as an person. it besides gave significance in my life and aim in everything that I do. My engagement as a frailty president of my house was besides a alone experience on my portion. It proved critical for me to heighten my leading and communicating accomplishments among other people. I became portion of charity events and making out for handicapped people. It motivated me because I am now seeing what I wanted to go and actively working harmoniously with other persons. I learned utile accomplishments which allow me to run into people and communicate with them. In all of these. I feel that the past five old ages of my life were a finding factor of what I wanted to be.

Molly Dewson, Womens Advocate During the New Deal

Molly Dewson, Women's Advocate During the New Deal Known for:  reformer, activist within the Democratic Party, womens suffrage activistOccupation:  reformer, public serviceDates:  February 18, 1874 - October 21, 1962Also known as: Mary Williams Dewson, Mary W. Dewson Molly Dewson Biography Molly Dewson, born in Quincy, Massachusetts in 1874, was educated in private schools.  Women in her family had been active in social reform efforts and she was educated by her father in politics and government. She graduated from Wellesley College in 1897, having been the senior class president. She, like many of the well-educated and unmarried women of her time, became involved with social reform.  In Boston, Dewson was hired to work with the Domestic Reform Committee of the Women’s Educational and Industrial Union, working to find ways to improve the conditions of domestic workers and make it possible for more women to work outside the home. She moved on to organize the parole department for delinquent girls in Massachusetts, focusing on rehabilitation. She was appointed to a commission in Massachusetts to report on industrial working conditions for children and women and helped inspire the first state minimum wage law. She began working for womens suffrage in Massachusetts. Dewson had lived with her mother, and retreated for a time in grief over her mother’s death. In 1913, she and Mary G. (Polly) Porter bought a dairy farm near Worcester.  Dewson and Porter remained partners for the rest of Dewson’s life. During World War I, Dewson continued to work for suffrage, and also served in Europe as the head of the Bureau of Refugees for the American Red Cross in France. Florence Kelley tapped Dewson to head up the National Consumers League effort after World War I to establish state minimum wage laws for women and children. Dewson helped with research for several key lawsuits to promote minimum wage laws, but when courts ruled against those, she gave up on the national minimum wage campaign. She moved to New York and there lobbied for an act limiting working hours for women and children to a 48 hour week. In 1928, Eleanor Roosevelt, who knew Dewson through reform efforts, got Dewson involved in leadership within the New York and national Democratic Party, organizing women’s involvement in the Al Smith campaign.  In 1932 and 1936, Dewson headed the Women’s Division of the Democratic Party. She worked to inspire and educate women to be more involved in politics and to run for office. In 1934, Dewson was responsible for the idea of the Reporter Plan, a national training effort to involve women in understanding the New Deal, and thus supporting the Democratic Party and its programs. From 1935 to 1936 the Womens Division held regional conferences for women in connection with the Reporter Plan. Already plagued with heart problems in 1936, Dewson resigned from the Womens Division director position, though continuing to help recruit and appoint directors until 1941. Dewson was an advisor to Frances Perkins, having helped her get the appointment as secretary of labor, the first woman cabinet member.  Dewson became a member of the Social Security Board in 1937. She resigned due to ill health in 1938, and retired to Maine. She died in 1962. Education Dana Hall SchoolWellesley College, graduated 1897

Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Research - Essay Example Over time, the organization’s idea has evolved from just the acquisition of skills to developing of cognitive processes accompanying the acquisition of the required skills. It is has been proposed that workplace learning should involve a process of reasoned learning that is projected towards the prerequisite outcomes for both the individual employees and the organization (Bratton 2008, 16). These outcomes should steer a sustained development for both these parties, within the present and the foreseeable future context of organizational goals and the career development of the individual employees. The performance capacity of the organization has been recognized to depend almost entirely on the learning capability of the workforce. Increased extent of the globalization of the workforce is characterized by innovative approaches to learning so that the barriers often imposed from outside the business world can be overcome (Ashton and Johnny 2002, 16). The emphasis placed on individual employees’ improvement linking it to an organization’s strategic direction has helped in the understanding of workplace learning. This is through administering the relationships existing between organizational and the individuals’ capabilities. The intention for this is to make learning to be integrated into the everyday work practices of the employees, and for the work to become a viable source for learning new practices and methods. The diversity which exists in the current work environment includes the organizational cultures, work practices, organizational policies and the various human resource systems. The diversity has been known to influence workplace learning for individuals, groups and the organization at large (Ashton and Johnny 2002, 24). The most important reason for the provision of learning and development in an organization is to enable the employees to Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1 Research - Essay Example In this respect, it is quite essential to reassess all the data collection sources, which the researcher wants to incorporate in his research work. There are several different types of data collection sources which are directed to reveal different type of information related with the research context. I have used primary and secondary data collection mythologies in the research. For using such methods, it is quite crucial for me to reveal merits and demerits of different types of data sources and align them with his objectives of the research so that the work related to the current research can be performed and conducted in the most efficient and effective manner. The presented paper is aimed to reveal the importance and effectiveness of different research methods taken into account for the purpose of undertaking a competent research work on the topic, i.e. ‘the risk management strategy of HSBC and Barclays’. This research topic is selected for the research work as it is a comprehensive research topic, which contains some crucial and effective insights into risk management theories and practices undertaken by different business organizations. However, the span of this research topic is so comprehensive that different types of data collection sources seem to be in need. ... These two methods are relevant Internet sources and review of 'hard copy' books and journals. In addition to this, with the help of measure of reviewing 'hard copy' books and journals, an intensive library research has been conducted, in which different books and journal articles available in the library in hard copy have been reviewed. These both methods have been used for the purpose of extracting some secondary type of information. A secondary type of information can be said to be the information which has already been gathered and collected and used by previous scholars in their research work. A brief discussion regarding these two different data collection methods and their usability and applicability are presented as below: Critical Analysis of Secondary Sources for Data Collection The first and foremost method undertaken by me for collecting data regarding operational policies of both banks is Internet. In this method, the website of both banks, their annual reports and other online available sources have been taken into account for the purpose of collecting information regarding differences and similarities between risk management strategies of both banks. This method used in the research work has been proved quite helpful for retrieving the desired information. Internet is a vast source of information through which different types of information can be retrieved without investing significant amount of time and efforts. This research work based on the usage of Internet sources was quite efficient as the research problem can be resolved by retrieving some of internal information related with bank’s policies and operations. The internet search has been done for this purpose as this is the place where interviews

Classic Galactosemia disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Classic Galactosemia disease - Essay Example The total or nearly total deficiency of the GALT enzyme threatens life, and if not treated, a patient may develop complications such as sepsis, liver failure, mental retardation, or even death. Several mutations that cause this disease are common in people with G/G genotype of the classic galactosemia (Williams & Wilkins 563). The real name of this gene is galactokinase 1. The GALKI gene gives instructions for making galctokinase 1 enzyme. This enzyme is responsible for enabling the body to process galactose, a simple sugar present in almost all dairy products and numerous baby formulas (Leonard 101). Over 20 mutations in the GALKI gene are present in patients with galactosemia. Most of the mutations alter the amino acids in galctokinase or delete some genetic material from the GALKI gene leading to an unsteady or inactive form of this enzyme. Classic galactosemia is a genetic disorder resulting from mutations in the GALT gene. Persons must inherit two harmful copies of this gene, at least one from each parent. Whereas over 170 mutations that cause diseases have been identified to cause classical galactosemia of the genotype GG, only a few have been commonly reported. They include: This mutation accounts to approximately 54 to 70% of the alleles in the classic galactosemia. S135L is the pathogenic mutation that is most reported in African Americans, making about 50% of the distorted alleles of the total population. In Eastern Europe, K285N mutation is accounts for only 8% of the classic galacttosemia in the general population in Europe (Leonard 102). The D mutation is reportedly present in the United States with only 5% of the whole population. Enzyme activity is almost 50%of usual DD homozygote and is adequate such that these people do not have biochemical or clinical characteristics of glactosemia. Duarte galactosemia or sometimes called DG compound heterozygote express noticeably limited enzyme activity of close to 25%

Population Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Population - Essay Example e recommended the change of the language since the consideration used in MDI was too broad for them to comprehend what the term â€Å"considered† actually  meant. According to Sharon Nelson, the only way to help patients and physicians is to eradicate or reverse the confusing language that make many users to thing that they are doing the right thing, yet they are not following the rules (Hall, 2003). C: Compared to MDI, patients and physicians find the use of nebulizers friendly as it can be easily manipulated. However, according to Letson, the MDI is affordable. The use nebulizers contain (R)- isomers has the only active drug making it more suitable for patients after it was discovered that most patients have developed resistance to albuterol. O: Some physician and inhaler providers say that MDI will only be effective if levalbuterol is added to it. The implementation of these developments will also increase the efficiency  thereby  reducing side effects of MDI that include the effects to the lung (â€Å"Aerosol technology†¦Ã¢â‚¬  2004). Aerosol technology from TTP set for wider use in inhaled liquid and dense suspension medication delivery. (2004, Nov 22).Business Wire. Retrieved from

The Business Ethics Used At Nike Commerce Essay

The Business Ethics Used At Nike Commerce Essay Lets take Nike for example. Founded in 1964, and the brand name created in 1971, head office in Oregon USA, it is the biggest manufacturer of sportswear in the world, selling footwear and apparels and related sports equipment. Also outsourcing contracts to 500 factories that operate in 160 countries, they employ nearly 1 million people directly or indirectly (Business-humanrights ; 2009). According to NIKE, A good name and reputation result in large part from their collective actions. That means the work-related activities of every employee must reflect standards of honesty, loyalty, trustworthiness, fairness, concern for others and accountability. They are expected to be sensitive to any situations that can adversely impact NIKEs reputation and are expected to use good judgment and common sense in the way to conduct business'(nikbiz ;2010). NIKE is one brand which achieved the top in world class by setting high standards and following the business ethics by forming a code of conduct. This code of conduct was mandatory and was to be followed by all of the team members of NIKE whether they were the Sales Agents, Consultants, Representatives, independent Contractors or even external temporary workers. NIKE understands that in order to obtain optimum performance from an employee, they must provide them with an environment void of harassment and discrimination of all sorts such as that related to age, gender, religion, disability, ethnic group, marital status, veteran status or any other similar status relative to class or caste. Sometimes people feel harassed and this harassment doesnt come against the protected law. Human acts which cause hurt and emotional strains like rude abusive, insensitive impolite behavior shown to people is against the companys code of conduct and will fall in the act of harassment against a person or group of people. Incase of any complaints, the harassed must report to the concerned manager. This code of conduct also applies to all the business partners who manufacture NIKE products. Harassments of any sort is strictly forbidden whether pertaining to legal laws or company policies. But in any case if such a situation may arise, NIKE has made sure of an effective complaint process through the Employee Relations or Human Resources Department. On the social responsibilities, NIKE further adds, NIKE is committed to socially responsible sourcing practices. We are driven to do not only what is required by law, but also what is expected of a leader. We expect our business partners to do the same. We do this through the NIKE Code of Conduct, which covers contractors who manufacture NIKE product. (SampleBusiness ;2009.)This code calls for our partners management practices to respect the rights of all employees, to minimize the impact on the environment, provide a safe and healthy work place, and promote the health and well being of all employees. As a member of the NIKE team, when presented the opportunity, you have a responsibility to promote compliance with the NIKE Code of Conduct and to report any instances of non-compliance, of which you become aware, to the Corporate Responsibility Compliance Group. (nikebiz.com). That being the social interpersonal issues of the company, NIKE claims to also comply with the health and safety rules and regulations. They feel that their duty is to not only provide innovative products to their clients but also be finite in knowing that the products supplied are safe and non-hazardous in all ways. This not only helps gain public confidence but also grants a better competitive ranking in the lucrative market. And the certainty of the safety does not end here. They also emphasize that the employees be an environmentally responsible citizen and so if they feel that a condition may cause a potential impact to the surroundings either socially, scientifically or economically, they report to the authorities immediately. (Schwartz, J. ; 2010) Like with all organizations, NIKE also expects its customers to be sincere and loyal by protecting the Nike info, ideas intellectual property. Every now then, a companys strategic plans, sales figures, financial info, product designs, negotiations, software, employees personal info, trade secrets, patents, trademarks and similar info is brought into the notice of one or several members of the organization and since the market is competitive, NIKE employees are prohibited to share or sell out any piece of detail, either manually or electronically . The employees must also safeguard the assets and records present under the ownership of the organization. Nike prioritizes privacy and hence it is committed to giving respect to all the rights of their customers. All the departments handling the confidential information have to be on one foot at all times. That said because, no company can afford mishandling of information. Incase data is ever lost or misplaced, or even otherwise, the new records must never be made up or false statements, misleading, misinterpretations, or material omissions. Even more special care has to be taken with financial transactions. They should be accurate, fair and transparent. NIKE expects their work related activities to reflect extreme standards of trustworthiness, concern for others and accountability. Acts of fraud theft, or cheatings in anyway are strictly forbidden. NIKE relies in making relationships based on integrity. It is NIKEs policy to compete fairly anywhere and everywhere and expect their product and service developments, manufacturing and sales to conform to highest ethical standards. These anti-trust competition laws, if violated could result in mega fines or even imprisonment. Even though NIKE requires its members to be strictly sincere and loyal, however, at the same time NIKE does respect the rights of their employees to participate in other business opportunities outside of the NIKE Organization (Peter;2000). But care must be taken, keeping in mind all the rules regulations of the company policies, which pertains to non-confliction of interests with Nike. That may include situations such as a team member exploiting opportunities for himself which were actually discovered through NIKEs assets and information (nikbiz ; 2010). Moreover, an employee is not allowed to accept a gift, gratuity, entertainment or favor over a certain limited amount and that also in non-cash form. An amount of $200 is considered a threshold limit over which, it is considered as a bribe. He is forbidden to give or take cash at any time. The bribery is not only unacceptable between a member and clients but also to government officials, civil servants or, as a matter of fact, anyone at hand in order to influence them. An action shall be taken and employees will be taken into charge if they use any deceptive methods or abuse the confidential information to have an unjust exploitation over competitors, suppliers, or customers. Laws, rules and regulations are not only limited to the organizations and affiliated parties within the USA. NIKE is very strict in complying with the laws of the country they do business with, even if it means losses on their part of the organization. Like majority of the US companies, NIKE is also governed by the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) according to which, It is illegal for anyone at NIKE to offer, promise, or pay money or anything of value, directly or indirectly to any foreign government official or employee, political party, or candidate for public office for the purpose of obtaining or maintaining business or for any other business advantage.(nikzbiz ;2010). The FCPA only allows payments under some specific circumstances for which, if the need arises, the team member can consult the NIKE legal department. (Schwartz;2010). Other than these rules, NIKE also has certain boycotting laws, with which NIKE complies strongly. For instance, if a certain Country A has boycotted a certain Country B, and if NIKE is doing business with Country A and that Country is asking for a certification that supplies not be made in Country B, then NIKE is not liable to accept the request of Country A, as it is against the USA Anti-Boycott law and NIKE will eventually be reporting it to the US authorities. A summarized view of NIKEs Ethical code of conduct: Keywords The Nike Code of Conduct Memorandum of Understanding. Obligations of subcontractors/suppliers Basic principles Principles governing the conduct of business: trust teamwork honesty mutual respect Nike expects compliance with the same principles by its trading partners Human rights Respect of human rights Forced labour Forced labour prison or otherwise must not be used at any stage of production Non-discrimination Nike is a company made up of persons of all origins, which appreciates individual diversity and is dedicated to equal opportunity for each individual No discrimination in hiring, salary, benefits, advancement, termination or retirement on the basis of gender, race, religion, age, sexual preference or ethnic origin Safety and health In accordance with local regulations Health insurance, life insurance and workerscompensation In accordance with local regulations Responsibility of a global enterprise To do what is expected of a leader by participating in the betterment of peoples lives through sport and fitness Legal requirements In accordance with local trade legislation as regards: minimum wages overtime child labour leave, public holidays mandatory retirement benefits Compliance with: local regulations practices established by Nike A Nike representative is responsible for the day-to-day application of the Memorandum in each subcontracted factory. Nike production managers update the Memorandum every two years. Nike may request an independent monitoring of plants at any time. In the event of non-compliance with the Memorandum, Nike may require that the situation be corrected or it may terminate its trade relations. All subcontractors must: keep any documentation which may be necessary to prove the correct application of the recommendations contained in the Memorandum; and agree to provide these documents to Nike for any inspections required by the company Environment To minimize impact on the environment. Implementation of the three Rsof environmental action: Reduce, re-use and re-cycle (Sajhau ; 2010) NIKES LEGAL BATTLE FOR VIOLATION OF ETHICS: The criticism was started in early 90s about Nike being involved with child labor issues, employees suffering from safety and health problems and physical harming of employees. One of the major issues that was raised at NIKE in 1996, which put NIKEs integrity at risk was the child labor issue in Pakistan. Young children aged between 9 to16 years were made to work and pictures of hand sewn footballs were splashed all over the net. NIKE was accused of labor and human rights violations. A lawsuit had been filed and NIKE appealed legally. On the personal upfront, NIKE responded with labor codes, personal letters, campus visits and newspaper releases. The US Supreme Court decided 5-3 to postpone ruling on NIKE vs. the prosecutor. NIKE made a charity settlement, giving $1.5 million to the fair labor association. (Canizares;2001). That experience forced us to decide who we were when it comes to corporate social responsibility, and forced us to really figure it out,(nikbiz ;2010) confessed EITEL, one of the business executive remembering the difficult time the company faced. EITEL not only had to reassure the external bodies who were criticizing the goodwill and ethics of the corporate dealing but she also had to deal with the question and queries of 500,000 employees in 58 countries. Through a hard learned lesson, EITEL believes that the code of ethics is not to be put on shelf and forgotten about, but has to be embedded by the executives in the roots of the corporate and make it THE culture. In this way the corporate can up guard their moral values under any difficult timing and can be up to face any legal or moral challenge (Cr; 2009). It has been an enormous change in a decade that NIKE has come forward by charting a different course in corporate citizenship and all other aspects of their dealings from the face of a corporate villain where laws of child labor were dusted. NIKE, in their newly-published Corporate Responsibility (CR) Report for fiscal years 2007 to 2009, commented on its new strategy which is, Reaching a closed-loop business model where the goal is to achieve zero waste in the supply chain and have products and materials that can be continuously reused no pre- or post-consumer waste. NIKE CEO Mark Parker writes in the reports introduction, We see sustainability, both social and environmental, as a powerful path to innovation, and crucial to our growth strategies. (Connor ; 2010). At present, the main concern of the brand is to watch for labor human right violation. The company has three main product lines- footwear, apparel and equipment. Nearly 60 percent of the work force is in North Asia and 31 percent in South Asia. One major difficulty is that contract apparel factories generally produce for multiple brands, making it very difficult to maintain standards. NIKE insists that monitoring the contract factories for working conditions, wages and overtime and several other issues, including possible unionization is not a piece of cake. While we can point to many examples of improvements, challenging issues remain for our company and our industry in systemically identifying and tackling how to affect long-term system-wide change,(nikbiz ;2010) the company says. (Canizares;2001) In evaluating where our targets fell short, we saw a consistent pattern: a focus on auditing against a set of criteria sometimes results in on-the-ground improvements for workers, but it rarely produces systemic change in the area of concern, (Canizares;2001). NIKE says. On further reflection, we realized that, if we want to make sustainable improvements for workers, we need to significantly change the way we engage and interact with our supply chain as a whole(nikbiz ;2010). One subject that NIKE shows loads of concern towards is a workers overtime. Asking factories to manufacture too many styles is one of the highest contributors to factory overtime in apparel. We have an opportunity to reduce this pressure by reducing the number of apparel styles and partnering with the factories to improve efficiencies through lean production method.(nikz ;2010). Recently, NIKE took a very ambitious initiative. That is, A goal of reducing excessive overtime for workers in their supply chain by 2011 (nikbiz;2010). This reminder came in response to the criticism that NIKE received frequently, which eventually lead the way to innovative solutions to labor rights challenges. NIKE was the first to make its list of affiliated factories public in 2005 for open inspection for anyone who felt the need to spy for violation of any labor and human rights. By doing this they provided another ethical example of protecting human rights by elimination of overtime work and by altering their own internal buying practices(.Icmrindia; 2002). NIKE also undertook a very Eco-Friendly approach by launching a shoe called CONSIDERED in 2005 (Icmrindia; 2010). This was a step towards a more healthy and safer product line which was devoid of harmful adhesives and more of re-used materials. It also eliminated sulphur hexafluoride (a very harmful chemical to health) from its shoes called NIKE AIR(nikzbiz ;2010). It also started making sports surfaces from recycled shoes and manufacturing waste. It further started worldwide collaboration with NGOS to reduce the damage to the environment through its human and monetary resources and to eventually reduce the effects of Global Warming. The concept was further extended to be used in apparel and sports equipment that the company produced. NIKE had developed an index called Considered Index using which NIKEs designers could get a ranking based on the environmental friendliness during the design phase before they went for commercial production. Nike aimed at making its own facilities and b usiness travel climate neutral by 2011. (-1.htmlSporting Goods Business ;2009). It had set a target of making all its footwear meet the minimum standard of Considered Index by 2011 ,its apparel by 2015, and sports equipment by 2020(nikbiz ; 2010). In other words, NIKE truly took a step to fulfill their code of ethics to support and safeguard the health and safety of every person associated with them. (Schwartz ;2010) NIKE has been on the list of the most ethical companies in the world from 2007-2010 every year, along with several other mega awards (Canizares ;2001). Even though NIKE tries its max to set the best possible ethical standards, there are two noted watchdogs, the Oxfams NIKE Watch and TeamSweat, who constantly find loopholes with NIKEs performance and other agendas. (Connor ; 2010). But NIKE has not been defied by such activists and they are continuing to lay examples of how the process of good reporting can lead to data being gathered, metrics developed and performance benchmarks set. NIKE has learnt a great deal from its past experiences, and it has not been deterred in its work but only grown stronger in every way possible. Says the CEO Parker, We learnt to view transparency as an asset, not a risks (Connor ; 2010). This document depicts the Pros and Cons of NIKEs Organization, and this only proves that No body is free of the unethical code of conduct. Yet, there are ways to improve under good intentions or even improvise if needed. In conclusion, just a reminder for us all: THE ETHICS OF EXCELLENCE REQUIRES A SENSE OF PERSPECTIVE. LOOK AT THE BIG PICTURE : IF YOU LIVE FOR THE MOMENT, DO YOU MORTGAGE THE FUTURE? WHAT HAPPENS IF YOU PUT YOUR REPUTATION AT RISK..à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ LOSE THE BET? Reference:- Sajhau, J.P; 2010. Business ethics in the textile, clothing and footwear (TCF) industries,Sector Publications (SAP 2.60/WP.110 ).Available at: http://www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/sector/papers/bzethics/bthics7.htm[Accessed 12 March 2010]. Bradley, G.O ;1998. A World of Nuclear Giants Available at: http://www.gzcenter.org/leaflets/mar_leaf.htm.[Accessed 10 March 2010]. Ethicalcorp ;2009. Ethical Corporation. Nike and sustainability Making the running for business ethics Available at: http://www.ethicalcorp.com/content.asp?ContentID=5421. .[Accessed 02 March 2010]. Sporting Goods Business ; 2009. Nike endorses Global Reporting Initiative Available at: http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/miscellaneous-retail-miscellaneous/4458064-1.html .[Accessed 6 Feb 2010]. Icmrindia ; 2010. Nike Considered An Environmental Sustainability Initiative. Available at: http://www.icmrindia.org/casestudies/catalogue/Business%20Ethics/BECG111.htm.[Accessed 16 Feb 2010]. Connor, M.;2010. Nike: Corporate Responsibility at a Tipping Point Business Ethics. Available at: http://business-ethics.com/2010/01/24/2154-nike-corporate-responsibility-at-a-tipping-point/[Accessed 23 March 2010] Canizares,K ;2001. NIKE Failed On Sweatshop Reform Promises.Availabe at: http://www.albionmonitor.com/0105b/copyright/nikereport.html . [Accessed 16 April 2010]. [Accessed 29 March 2010]. Cr; 2009. 100 Best Corporate Citizens 2009. Available at: http://www.thecro.com/100best09[Accessed 13 March 2010]. Business-humanrights ; 2009 http://www.business-humanrights.org/Categories/Miscellaneous/Ratingsindexes/100BestCorporateCitizensUSA[Accessed 13 March 2010]. Bized ;2005. Business Ethics. Available at: http://www.bized.co.uk/dataserv/chron/news/2331.htm [Accessed 12 March 2010] Slideshare; 2009. Nike Ethics. Available at: http://www.slideshare.net/eonemo/nike-ethics [Accessed 01 March 2010] NikBiz ; 2010 Ethics, Governance and Responsibility Available at: http://www.nikebiz.com/responsibility/cr_governance.html [Accessed 12-30March] Icmrindia ;2002. Nikes Labor Practices Available at http://www.icmrindia.org/casestudies/catalogue/Business%20Ethics/BECG018.htm[Accessed 16 Feb 2010]. Peter; S. 2000. Panorama: Gap and Nike no sweat? Available at: http://www.allbusiness.com/management/3496230-1.html[Accessed 30 March 2010] Schwartz, J. ; 2010. Business Ethics Fortnight Available at: http://www.ethicsandbusiness.org/Photo_gallery/montgomerygroup.htm [Accessed 30 March 2010] SampleBusiness ;2009. Available at: http://sample-business.com/nike-business-ethics[Accessed 28 March 2010] Cascio, J.;2005. World changing Starbucks Nike, Doing the Right Thing Available at: http://www.worldchanging.com/archives/002534.html [Accessed 09 March 2010] Willian, S. 2002. Its not just a Code, its a Culture Available at: http://www.savvypr.com/iabcethicscolumn2.html[Accessed 09 March 2010] Ceruleanangela ; 2007. Business ethics, Nike Compliance Life Cycle Available at: http://ceruleanangela.10.forumer.com/a/business-ethics_post2.html[Accessed 09 March 2010]